Kelahiran Wayang Kulit

 

About the birth of cultural puppets, Ir. Sri Mulyono in his symbolism and mysticism in the Puppet (1979), estimates that wayang existed from the neolithikum, which is about 1,500 years before Christ. his opinion is based on D Robert von Heine-Geldern Ph., Research Prehistoric writings on the Indies (1945) and Prof. write. K.A.H. Encyclopedia Indonesia hidding on page 987.The word `puppet 'allegedderived from word` wewayangan ', which means shadow. This allegation is consistent with the fact Wayang Kulit performances using a screen, a piece of cloth, as a barrier between the puppeteer who plays puppet, and the audience behind the curtain. Viewers only saw movement through motion puppets are falling on the screen. When it was time puppet show accompanied only by a simple set of gamelan consists of saron, Todung (a type of flute), and kemanak. Another type of orchestra and singers at that time allegedly still there.For more menjawakan puppet culture, since the beginning of the kingdom of Majapahit introduce another puppet stories that are not orphaned in the book of the Ramayana and the story Mahabharata.Sejak - Panji stories, the story is about the ancestral kings of Majapahit, was introduced as one form of another puppet. Panji stories then more widely used for Wayang Beber. The tradition of wayang stories menjawakan also passed by some Islamic scholars, among them by the Wali Sanga. They began the story mewayangkan Majapahit kings, whom the story Damarwulan.Masuknya Islam to Indonesia since the 15th century also a big influence on the culture of puppets, especially on the concept of religious philosophy that doll.At the beginning of the 15th century, when the kingdom of Demak, began using specially shaped oil lamps called Wayang Kulit.Sejak blencong performance Kartasura age, putting together a story that berinduk stuffed in Ramayana and Mahabharata further away from the original. Since then people know wayang wayang characters genealogy enthusiasts, including seeking god, who came from Adam. Sisilah was continued until the kings of Java. And then, began to be known also handle puppet stories. which follows the standard story, and the story line outside the standard puppet carangan. In addition, there is more drama called splinter, which was too far out of the story pakem.Memang, because the art of puppet so strongly rooted in Indonesian culture, so there is some confusion between the wayang stories, legends, and history. If the Indians think that the Mahabharata and the Ramayana is really happening in the country, is considered the Javanese wayang story actually occurred in Java

TARI REMO

dance Remo is a welcome dance typical of East Java INDONESIA CAPITAL SURABAYA, CITY OF HEROES depicting the dynamic character of East Java. Areas that use this dance including Surabaya, Jombang, Malang, and Situbondo.This dance is packaged as an illustration of the courage of a prince who fought in a battle. Hence the much needed masculinity dancers in this dance performance. Tahun1900 promoted dance around this, once used by Indonesian nationalists to communicate to the public.When remo danced always accompanied by gamelan music in a gending comprising bonang, saron, xylophone, gender, slentem, zither, flute, percussion, kenong, kempul and gongs and rhythm slendro. Usually use Cadence gending jula-July Suroboyo tropongan. Remo dance can be danced with stylish woman or man style, both displayed simultaneously or alternately. Usually this dance in the show as the opening of the art ludruk dance or wayang kulit.Clothing worn each region in East Java untu remo has unique dance. Surabayaan style or also Sawunggaling, dancers dressed in costume consisting of a black top that presents clothes 18th century, black velvet trousers with gold ornaments and batik. There is a belt at the waist and a dagger. On the right thigh there shawl hung down to her ankles. While the female dancer wearing a bun in her hair

While clothing styles Malangan coinciding with Surabayan style fashion, but the difference that the long pants to touch the ankle and not embeddable with a needle. Clothing style Jombangan basically the same as Sawunggaling style, but the difference is that the dancers do not use socks but using vest. Another one is the daughter of fashion remong. This dress is different from the style of the original remong. Dancers wear a bun, wearing a black mekak to cover the chest, wearing a swamp to close the waist down to the knees, and using only one shawl are pinned on his shoulders.

Smart footwork and dynamic into the most important characteristics.

This movement is supported by the bells mounted on the ankle. The bell sounds when dancers stepped or stomping on the stage. In addition, other characteristics of the movement of a shawl or sampur, nod and shake head movements, facial expressions, and the horses are dancers make this dance more attractive. Although dance remong dance that was once used as an opener in the show ludruk. But over time, the function of any remong dance moves from the show opener ludruk, became a dance welcoming guests, especially guests statehood.

In addition, dance remong also often featured in local arts festival in an effort to preserve the culture of East Java. Because it is now not only a remo dance performed by male dancers, but also by the female dancers. So it now appears types of dance remong daughter. In remong daughter dance performances, generally the dancers will wear different costumes dance costumes dance original remo performed by male dancers

Traditional Toys and Games

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Congklak

he congklak, or dakon board game was brought to Indonesia by Indian or Arab traders centuries ago. Made from plastic or wood, or highly carved by court artisans, this game has been played in Indonesia for centuries. Examples of early congklak board can be found in the National Museum. Traditional toys can be found throughout the archipelago and forays into the provinces will undoubtedly turn up many simple toys made by villagers for their children. These can be purchased at local pasar, roadside stands or near popular tourist destinations.

Ceramics

Ceramics made their way to Indonesia over centuries of trade with China dating back to 205 BC. Ceramic items range from everyday common vessels and plates, to fine ceramic pieces that became heirlooms passed down fromgeneration to generation.
Modern reproductions of these antiques abound ... so take the time to learn the difference between a genuine antique and a modern reproduction. The Ceramic Museum in Jakarta, ceramic study groups at the Indonesian Heritage Society and a wealth of books on Ceramics will help introduce you to this fascinating ancient art form.
More affordable, and yet just as beautiful is jewelry made from antique ceramic shards discovered in port cities throughout the archipelago. While formerly these broken dishes served as ballast in ships from China, modern artisans have turned these broken ceramic pieces into beautiful jewelry and other useful items.
Contemporary ceramic design can be found in a wide range of useful household items. Lombok pottery in particular is popular with expats. The intricate terra-cotta pottery made in the village of Kasongan near Yogyakarta is also a favorite of many.

Natural fibers and materials

A wide range of items, both useful and decorative are made from natural fibers such as pandanus, rattan, bamboo and grasses. Rice spoons, bowls, containers, woven mats, baskets, lamp shades, boxes, natural paper products and a multitude of other items are made from natural fibers in Indonesia.
Bamboo, while exotic in the west, is one of the most practical natural plants. The uses of bamboo in Indonesia are numerous and Indonesians utilize bamboo extensively for a variety of items including baskets, winnows, cups, buckets, furniture and woven walls in traditional homes. The fine strands used for fans, purses, bags, hats, baskets and other items. Larger, thick strips are used for flower baskets, walls and other items. While bamboo was originally used for practical items around the house, these have been further developed into new items which sell well as souvenirs.
Bone, rubber, coconut shell, fibers, horn and other natural materials are used in many folk handicrafts from blow pipes, figurines, bags, storage items, painted umbrellas, and even ships made entirely from cloves.

Shells

Shells are used by Indonesian artisans to create a wide variety of useful items, wind chimes and jewelry. The waters surrounding the over 17,000 islands in the Indonesian archipelago have given forth an abundance of aquatic splendor. Exotic shells can be purchased for small sums of money. However, be cautious in your purchases as many species are over-harvested and their extinction is only a matter of time. In particular, avoid purchasing the Nautilus and giant clam, protected species which are already endangered.

Jewelry

One of the richest art forms in Indonesia reflects the Indonesian woman's desire to ornament her traditional dress, which wouldn't be complete without various items of traditional jewelry. Ornamentation used with traditional dress is rich in symbolism and design. From modern designs in 22 karat gold, to intricate filigree silver jewelry from Yogyakarta, using precious and semi-precious stones, or modern plastic, wood or ceramic ... there are many designs, materials and price ranges to choose from. Many expats indulge their love of a particular type of jewelry ... buying opals or silver jewelry until they've built up quite impressive collections.
Antique jewelry (both authentic and reproductions) is a favorite of expats. Antique trade beads, or their reproductions, are very popular.
Mabe pearls are a favorite with expats in Jakarta. You can purchase the loose pearls and have them set in your own gold or silver design at your favorite jewelers. Pearl farms harvest huge quantities of mabe and fresh water pearls in Lampung, Maluku and Sulawesi.
A trip to the gem markets of Jakarta or Kalimantan is a fun adventure and provides an introduction to the variety of gemstones available in Indonesia. These include diamonds, South Sea pearls, opal, sapphire, amethyst and banded agates. Beware that many stones are actually manufactured ... what is termed masakan in Indonesia. The karat content of gold can often misrepresented and gemstones could be fake. Depend on a trusted jeweler or shop with knowledgeable friends.

Antique Furniture

Beautiful Dutch colonial and other antique furniture from the 18th and 19th centuries is popular with expats, including Balinese opium beds, rice storage units, old cupboards, Javanese carved wall panels, doors and unique tables. These pieces may need restoration or may have already be refinished or reconditioned by the shops.
Many shops cater to the expats love of antiques and sell authentic antiques or reproductions. Widely available too are new designs of furniture, utilizing old wood. The advantage of old wood is that it is less likely to split when you bring it back to a dry climate, as the wood has been seasoned for decades. Much 'antique' furniture available is actually new furniture that has been left in the sun and rain for months to . age. the furniture. Be careful to purchase from a trustworthy dealer if you want to be sure you are getting authentic antiques.

Wood Carvings

Wooden carving traditions and skills can be found throughout the Indonesian archipelago, with the most famous being from Bali, Central Java, Madura, Sumatra and Irian Jaya. Different areas developed very different traditions so that many items are immediately identifiable as being created by particular ethnic groups. Most popular with expats are Javanese and Balinese wooden image carvings, Jepara lattice-like three-dimensional reliefs and Irianese primitive carvings.
Even amongst wooden carvings from a particular province, differences in design, style and subject matter are easily evidenced after some study. Irianese tribes such as the Asmat, Dani, and Komoro have very distinctive styles of carvings of totem poles, weapons, figures and utensils.
Whimsical, brightly colored modern carvings are produced primarily in Bali. And the popularity of these pieces has influenced the wooden carving traditions of other regions as well.
Used in prehistoric times in burials, the use of ancient spirit masks have given way to masks used in many traditional dances. These highly stylized masks, topeng, depict the various characters in the story told by the dance. Masks enable the performers to assume new identities and depict a variety of characters from demons to animals, princes or gods. Amongst the most famous masks used in dance are the Rangda and Barong masks from Bali. In this traditional dance, performed often for tourists, the interaction of Rangda, representing evil, and the Barong, representing good, restores the harmony between the good and evil in life.
While masks for sale in stores are primarily from Central Java and Bali, masks from other ethnic groups were used widely in the past to communicate with ancestors, for blessings for harvests, protection from evil spirits, to acquire new personalities or great powers.
Fragrant sandalwood from the Nusa Tenggara is available in carvings, medicine, incense, cosmetics, prayer beads and useful items such as pens and fans. It is usually stored in a special glass cabinet in stores and a stroll past the cabinet will quickly acquaint you with the exotic fragrance of this special wood.
Woods used in carving include ebony, teak, mahogany, ironwood, sandalwood and other lesser known indigenous woods. The price may often be related to the type of wood used, as harder woods are more difficult to carve. Since many are concerned by the cutting of tropical hard wood forests, many wood items are made from teak trees which are cultivated on plantations. Look for the labeling designated the item as utilizing plantation-grown teak.

Stone Carvings

Volcanic rock are carved to create statues depicting characters from ancient Indonesian myths and epics. These are predominantly found in Yogyakarta and Bali where stone carving traditions date back over 900 years and were highly developed during the construction of major temples in these areas.

Bangka Tin

Pewter items are made with tin from the island of Bangka. Favorites with expats are the angels in varying sizes, candlesticks, picture frames, and Christmas tree ornaments. Engravings of Bangka tin items are often presented by various expat groups to their members in recognition of various achievements.
Shops specializing in Bangka pewter items can be found in Jakarta on Jl. Paletahan. These shops offer significant discounts. Displays of Bangka tin items can also be found in the major arts and handicrafts centers in Jakarta and in other popular tourist destinations.

Paintings

Painting as an art form was really developed in the 19th and 20th century and includes batik paintings, the highly stylized paintings of Bali which depict village and traditional life as well as modern oils and acrylics. Famous Indonesian painters such as Raden Saleh, command high prices on the international market and at auctions in Singapore and Jakarta.

Musical Instruments

Along with the other arts forms that developed in great diversity across the archipelago, cultural diversity also lead to the development of different musical traditions, thus different instruments. Angklung from West Java, Gamelan from Yogyakarta or Bali, flutes and gongs from West Java are favorite collectibles of expats. Gamelan links

Calligraphy

While non-Islamic art forms abound due to the rich Buddhist/Hindu traditions dating back for centuries, Islamic calligraphy has developed in various art forms as well. These include embroidery, wood carvings, ceramics, paintings, and the beautiful gold embroidered Tapis cloth of Lampung.

Provincial specialties

A few months after beginning your exploration of the various Indonesian art forms, certain provinces will soon take on character all their own through the art forms you association with them ... Javanese batik, Balinese carvings, Kalimantan baby bak, Malukan pearls, Bugis silk sarong, Lombok pottery, Dayak blow guns, Sumba ikat and more. Your travels throughout Indonesia will be enriched by your exposure to the development of different art forms in each province.

Symbolism

Indonesian art forms are rich in symbolism. The mythical naga or dragon; the mamuli pendant - symbol of fertility from Sumba, the tree of life, the mythological beast Garuda (also a national symbol found on the Panca Silasymbol), all have special meanings in Indonesian traditions, myths and beliefs. Exploring the origins of these designs and what they mean is fascinating.
The war between good and evil, ancient stories of love and warfare, nature and the heavens - all have special meanings to Indonesians throughout the archipelago. Gods, demons and knights abound in Balinese carvings and in other areas where Hindu influence predominated at some point in history. Plants, animals (mythological and real) and geometric forms are also widely used and represent specific meanings in particular art forms.
Motifs drawn from nature - leaves, flowers, mountains, water, clouds, animals often represent religious or mystical symbols related to early forms of animism, then later to Hinduism. Islamic prohibitions against showing the human figure or other living creatures stagnated the development of many art forms in areas where Islam was strong.
Certain motifs were favored and even restricted to the royal families, especially in batik designs for the Surakarta and Yogyakarta royal families (one of which is called the broken keris). These symbols depicted simple, natural objects that were important to the lives of Javanese, such as the leaves of the aren palm or the fruit from the kapok tree. Traditional colors of navy blue, cream, brown and black used in batik have given way to a myriad of colors utilizing modern imported dyes.
Handicrafts and art objects range from every day items which are unique to Indonesia, to one-of-a-kind collector's items, with a very wide range in between. What you will buy and/or collect depends of course on what you like. To introduce you briefly to the wide range of items available we've covered some of the more popular below:

Textiles

The diversity in Indonesian textile forms is astounding and is yet another representation of its rich cultural heritage. Indonesian textiles include hand drawn and stamped batik, the design of which takes months to create; double weave ikat from the islands of Nusa Tenggara, ship cloth from Lampung, silk Bugis sarong from Sulawesi, gold-painted Balinese prada fabric; shimmering kain songket from Palembang utilizing silver and gold metallic threads weft in woven cotton or silk ikat; and Tapis weavings from Lampung.
Weavings from the 27 provinces utilize different materials, methods, colors and designs. Primarily formed on back looms, weeks or months are spent creating intricate designs for everyday use or ceremonial wear. These weavings are primarily known by the different techniques that are used to create the distinctive designs.
The symbolism of the various ethnic groups is evident in the variety of textiles. Color, shapes and their arrangements all have special meanings. Certain designs can only be worn by women or men, or only by the members of the royal family or nobility.

Special textiles are worn or exchanged in life cycle or rights of passage ceremonies celebrating birth, circumcision, puberty, marriage, childbearing and death. Textiles play an important role in many traditional events and ceremonies.
Written records dating to the fourteenth century document the importance of textiles in the social and religious lives of Indonesians. The highly distinctive traditional dress, or pakaian adat, best shows the diversity of uses of textiles throughout the archipelago. The even more elaborate bridal dress displays the best of each province's textile and ornamental jewelry traditions.

Wayang -- Puppets

Puppets have been used for centuries in Indonesia to tell the stories of the ancient epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabarata, as well as ancient myths. Modern stories also utilize this ancient art form for contemporary audiences.
Puppets fall into two major classifications - wayang kulit - the leather or shadow puppet of Central Java, and wayang golek - wooden puppets of West Java. There are several varieties of wooden puppets. Some expats enjoy collecting the same character by various artisans, or all the characters in a scene or story, or just characters that strike their fancy. Good guys, bad guys, gods, demons, nobles, giants, clowns, princes and princesses and monkeys ... all can be found in traditional puppet forms.
Less commonly seen are the Wayang Klitik, a flat wooden puppet. Links to sites with information on wayang

INDONESIA ART END HANDICRAFTS

One of the many pleasures of living in Indonesia is having the opportunity to learn about and collect Indonesian arts and handicrafts. The diversity evident in Indonesia's 300 plus ethnic groups is reflected in the diversity of its art forms. Just as every ethnic group throughout the archipelago has its own language/dialect, cuisine, traditional dress and traditional homes and they have also developed their own textiles, ornaments, carvings and items for daily use and special celebrations. The rich cultural heritage of art and handicrafts is one of Indonesia's true national riches.

Indonesian art forms can include designs traced back to early animistic beliefs, ancestor worship, Hindu or Buddhist influenced motifs brought by Indian traders, Chinese or Islamic symbols and beliefs. Foreign influence on Indonesian art forms was brought about by centuries of exposure to other cultures through trade. Immigrants from China, India, the Arab world and later Europe traveled to the archipelago in search of the unique spices grown in Indonesia. These traders settled and brought with them rich artistic traditions which influenced the development of local art

Today we can see highly developed art forms wherever these artisans had patrons in centuries past. One of the places where this is perhaps most evident is in Yogyakarta where the Sultan's family has supported batik, silver, wayang and other artisans for generations. With this patronage the art forms flourished, resulting in a rich variety of art forms today. The rich artistic traditions of Bali, where traditionally each person must develop skills in a particular art form - be it dance, music, or visual arts has lead to the creation of a vibrant artistic community. Foreign artists have been drawn to Bali for centuries due to this unique cultural synergy.
Handicrafts also developed from the usage of every day household items which were decorated and used for ceremonial purposes. Witness the wide variety of uses of natural woods, fibers, bamboo, rattan and grasses. Natural and chemical dyes, beads and other natural ornamentation are used to decorate these items, many of which have developed over time into distinctive art forms.

Many expats take advantage of the opportunity of living in Indonesia to learn more about its culture, or to begin a collection of art objects or handicrafts that they enjoy. We go through early days of explorations, through the thrills of discovery and learning, to hunting down particular items you want and acquiring true finds.With the rupiah exchange rate so favorable against most foreign currencies - great bargains are to be found in Indonesia! Visit either Sarinah Jaya or Pasaraya in Jakarta for a good introduction to Indonesian handicrafts, though don't expect to find true antiques there. Then you'll know better what you may want to purchase on your travels through the archipelago

 



If you develop a love for a particular item, seek out others who share your new hobby/collecting and learn the history of the items together. Expats who fall in love with a particular art form may even plan their travel through the archipelago around their special interest, tracking down and viewing the making of the items in their places of origin. One of the most popular organizations in Jakarta for those who are interested in learning more about Indonesian culture is the Indonesian Heritage Society. Amateurs become experts through research using their extensive library and participation in study groups. Study groups are formed dependent on the interest of the members and in recent years have included: textiles, ceramics, wayang, batik and others.

Museums in Jakarta and in other major cities display priceless artifacts from Indonesia's vibrant history. Join a tour at the National Museum, visit the Textile or Keris museum and you will quickly discover the rich cultural heritage of Indonesian art. While at the Museum Nasional, pick up a copy of the National Museum Guide book, published by the Indonesian Heritage Society for an excellent introduction to the collection.

DANCE developments JAIPONG

Work Jaipongan first began to be known by the public is dance "Leaves Pulus Keser Bojong" and "Rendeng Bojong" both of which are types of dance girls and dance in pairs (boys and girls). From the dance that emerged a few names that are reliable Jaipongan dancers like Tati Saleh, Yeti Mamat, Eli Somali, and Pepen Dedi Kurniadi. Early emergence of the dance had become a conversation, the central issue is the movement of the erotic and vulgar. But from the few print media exposure, name Gugum Gumbira becoming known society, especially after the dance Jaipongan in 1980 staged at the central station TVRI Jakarta. The impact of the popularity of the more increases the frequency of performances, both in the medium of television, a celebration or celebrations held by the private sector and government. 

Attendance Jaipongan significant contribution towards the instigators of the art of dance to more actively explore the types of folk dances that were previously less attention. With the emergence of dance Jaipongan, used by activists to organize dance courses dance Jaipongan, used also by businessmen pubs as a decoy night invited guests, where the further development of this kind of business opportunities created by the instigators of dance as an economic empowerment efforts by Dance Studio names or groups in some areas of West Java, for example in Subang with Jaipongan style "kaleran" (north).
Typical Jaipongan kaleran style, which is fun, erotic, humorous, excitement, spontaneity, and simplicity (naturally, whatever they are). This was reflected in the pattern of presentation of dance on the show, there is a given pattern (Ibing pattern) as in art Jaipongan in Bandung, also there are also dances that are not dipola (Ibing Saka), for example in art Jaipongan Subang and Karawang. This term can be found in Jaipongan kaleran style, especially in the area of Subang. In the presentation, this kaleran Jaipongan style, as follows: 1) Tatalu; 2) Flower Gadung; 3) Fruit Kawung Gopar; 4) Dance Opening (Ibing Pattern), usually performed by a single dancer or Sinden Tatandakan (sinden attack but can not sing but dance songs sinden / interpreter kawih); 5) Jeblokan and Jabanan, is part performance when the audience (Bajidor) Sawer money (jabanan) while greeting paste. Jeblokan term is defined as couples who settled between sinden and the audience (Bajidor).

Further development occurred in taahun dance Jaipongan 1980-1990's, where Gugum Gumbira create another dance such as Toka-toka, Setra Sari, Sonteng, Pencug, Heron dazed, motorcade procession Leaf-Puring, Rawayan, and Dance Kawung Anten. From these dances appear some skilled dancers Jaipongan include Iceu Effendi, Yumiati Mandiri, Miming Mintarsih, Nani, Erna, Mira Tejaningrum, Ine Dinar, Ega, Nuni, Cepy, Agah, Aa Suryabrata, and Asep.
Today the dance Jaipongan be called as one of identity keseniaan West Java, this is apparent on several important events relating to visitors from foreign countries who came to West Java, it was greeted with Jaipongan dance performances. Similarly, with art missions to foreign countries, always equipped with a dance Jaipongan. Dance Jaipongan affect many other crafts in the community of West Java, both on the art of wayang, gamelan, Genjring / Terbangan, Kacapi jaipong, and almost all public performances as well as on modern dangdut music which collaborated with the art Jaipong Pong-Dut. Jaipongan which has diplopori by Mr. Nur & Leni

JAIPONGAN

Jaipongan is a genre of dance that was born from the creativity of an artist from Bandung, Gugum Gumbira. Attention to folk art, one of which is Tap Tilu know and know well make it perbendaharan dance movement patterns that exist in the tradition Kliningan / Bajidoran or Tap Tilu. Opening movements, pencugan, nibakeun and several kinds of motion of several arts mincid above have enough inspiration to develop a dance or art that is now known as the Jaipongan.
Before this form of performance art show, there are several forms of dance influences behind this association. In West Java, for example, social dance is the influence of the Ball Room, which is usually in a dance-dance association could not be separated from existence and pamogoran ronggeng. Ronggeng in social dance is no longer functioning for activities of the ceremony, but for entertainment or a way of hanging out. The existence ronggeng in the performing arts has an appeal that invites sympathy for the pamogoran. For example on Tilu Tap dance is so well known by the Sundanese people, is expected this art popular around the year 1916. As the folk performing arts, this art is supported only by simple elements, such as waditra that includes fiddle, drums, two kulanter, three percussion, and gongs. Similarly, the dance movements that do not have a standard pattern of motion, a simple costume dancer as a reflection of democracy.
Along with the waning type of art above, the former pamogoran (spectators who play an active role in the performing arts Tap Tilu / Doger / Tayub) switched its attention on the performing arts Kliningan, which in the north coast of West Java (Karawang, Bekasi, Purwakarta, Indramayu, and Subang ) known as Kliningan Bajidoran dance patterns and events that show has some similarities with the previous art (Tap Tilu / Doger / Tayub). In the meantime, the existence of masked dances in Banjet quite popular, especially in Karachi, where some Bajidoran motion pattern taken from the dance in this Banjet Mask. In koreografis dance is still reveal the patterns of tradition (Tap Tilu) which contains elements of the opening movements, pencugan, nibakeun and several kinds of motion mincid which in turn become the basis of the creation of dance Jaipongan. Some basic dance movements Jaipongan apart from Tap Tilu, Ibing Bajidor and Mask Banjet is Tayuban and Pencak Silat.
The emergence of dance works Gugum Gumbira initially called Tap Tilu development, that is because it is a basic dance from Tap Tilu development. The first work Gugum Gumbira still very thick with color Ibing Tilu Tap, both in terms of choreography and iringannya, who then dance it became popularly known as Jaipongan.